Dissolution of Direct Ocean Carbon Sequestration Plumes Using an Integral Model Approach
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 11
Abstract
We present the results of a double-plume integral model for a positively buoyant multiphase plume of liquid carbon dioxide injected at mid-depths in the ocean. In addition to the relevant plume physics, the model accounts for dissolution of the carbon dioxide droplets, the effect on dissolution of clathrate hydrate films, and the increase in seawater density due to enrichment by dissolved carbon dioxide. Due to the creation of negative buoyancy in the entrained fluid through dissolution of carbon dioxide, the near-field mixing exhibits a complex set of energetic descending outer plume structures that do not converge to a steady state. The unsteady near field is shown to be inherent in the plume physics, resulting in enhanced distribution of the dissolved carbon dioxide over the plume height and formation of multiple, unsteady intrusion layers. Despite the complex plume near field, we demonstrate that the height of maximum plume rise has a steady solution. A general empirical design equation for the maximum height of plume rise is presented from the model results, dependent on the initial droplet diameter and buoyancy flux, the strength of the ambient stratification, and the linear mass transfer reduction factor due to hydrate formation. A sensitivity analysis of the design equation highlights the droplet diameter as the most important design variable and demonstrates that current uncertainty in the value of the mass transfer reduction factor results in uncertainty of the plume rise height within a factor of three.
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Acknowledgments
This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSFCTS-0348572.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 11 • November 2008
Pages: 1570 - 1578
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 17, 2007
Accepted: Mar 25, 2008
Published online: Nov 1, 2008
Published in print: Nov 2008
ASCE Technical Topics:
- [Inorganic compounds]
- Analysis (by type)
- Buoyancy
- Carbon compounds
- Carbon dioxide
- Carbon fibers
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Coasts, oceans, ports, and waterways engineering
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Environmental engineering
- Fibers
- Fluid dynamics
- Fluid mechanics
- Hydration
- Hydrodynamics
- Hydrologic engineering
- Integrals
- Laminating
- Materials engineering
- Materials processing
- Mathematics
- Ocean engineering
- Organic compounds
- Plumes
- Sensitivity analysis
- Water and water resources
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