Closure to “Possibility of Postliquefaction Flow Failure due to Seepage” by Noriaki Sento, Motoki Kazama, Ryosuke Uzuoka, Hirofumi Ohmura, and Makoto Ishimaru
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 3
The authors thank the discusser for offering us his insight and providing a fruitful discussion. His experience and knowledge with regard to strain-softening behavior and instability behavior of sand under strain path testing conditions is immense. The authors would like to emphasize some subtle differences between our paper and the work that the discusser has carried out. The CSD test conducted by Chu et al. (2003) and the writers’ research are similar in terms of the stress path; however, the discusser’s main focus is on the onset of instability conditions and the stress state associated with it, whereas the writers’ focus is on the nonlinear dilatancy behavior and predicting the shear deformation behavior of sand from the onset of instability to critical state.
It is a fair comment that the difference between the instability line (IL line) (Lade 1992) and the failure line (FL line) is unclear in our paper. However, with reference to Fig. 2(a) and the mechanism of flow failure, the writers were of the opinion that, in the interests of simplicity when explaining the mechanism, it was not relevant to indicate in the IL line. In addition, since the tests in our research were conducted for dilative sand, we did not take into account the contractive sand, which the discusser has studied extensively (Leong et al. 2000). For dilative sand, the IL line is somewhat closer to the failure line than it is for contractive sand. Even so, the authors would like to confirm the importance of the IL line in terms of instability behavior.
The authors would like to acknowledge that the reconsolidation procedure of the path from to as shown in Fig. 3 is not particularly meaningful, as the discusser pointed out. However, the reconsolidation characteristics of the path from to , as shown in Fig. 2(b), are important in predicting flow deformation attributable to seepage.
References
Chu, J., Leroueil, S., and Leong, W. K. (2003). “Unstable behaviour of sand and its implication for slope instability.” Can. Geotech. J., 40, 873–885.
Lade, P. V., (1992), “Static instability and liquefaction of loose fine sandy slopes.” J. Geotech. Eng., 118(1), 51–71.
Leong, W. K., Chu, J., and Teh, C. I. (2000). “Liquefaction and instability of a granular fill material.” Geotech. Test. J., 23(2), 178–192.
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© 2006 ASCE.
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Published online: Mar 1, 2006
Published in print: Mar 2006
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