Case Studies
Apr 22, 2019

Quantifying Water Balance Components at a Permeable Pavement Site Using a Coupled Groundwater–Surface Water Model

Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 7

Abstract

Green infrastructure (GI) is being widely implemented in urban areas to capture and remove stormwater from the surface drainage system. Whereas most analyses have focused on diverted surface flow, here the authors demonstrate a method to quantify all components of a hydrologic budget at the site scale. The authors instrumented and applied mathematical modeling to a GI site consisting of a system of tree trenches and permeable pavement in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They utilized ParFlow.CLM version 743, a three-dimensional groundwater–surface water–land surface model, to quantify the water budget, including evapotranspiration, infiltration, and recharge to regional groundwater. They compared simulated and observed groundwater levels and analyzed the simulated monthly water balance for the site over 1 year. The authors found that snowmelt was an important source of recharge in the winter months of the 2016 simulation period. During the summer months when evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation, additional water captured by the GI contributing area enhances recharge to groundwater, altering water budget seasonality at the site scale. Simulation results indicate that the GI functioned as intended, converting runoff to recharge, with discharge to regional groundwater throughout the year.

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Data Availability Statement

The following data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available online. Model input data are available at Barnes (2018). Field data are available at Welty (2018).

Acknowledgments

This publication was developed under EPA Assistance Agreement No. R835555 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency to Swarthmore College. It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of Michael L. Barnes and Claire Welty and do not necessarily reflect those of the Agency. EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This work was also partially supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) cooperative agreements 1444755 and 1444758. The authors are grateful to Elvis Andino for assistance with field work and provision of a portion of model input data and to Philadelphia Water Department personnel (Stephen White, Chris Bergerson) and its contractors for provision of GI engineering drawings of the site.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 24Issue 7July 2019

History

Received: Apr 20, 2018
Accepted: Dec 19, 2018
Published online: Apr 22, 2019
Published in print: Jul 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Sep 22, 2019

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Authors

Affiliations

Michael L. Barnes
Staff Research Assistant, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250.
Claire Welty, Ph.D. [email protected]
Professor and Director, Dept. of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]

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