Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Cyclic Behavior and Liquefaction Resistance of Fine Coal Refuse—Experimental and Numerical Modeling
Publication: Geo-Congress 2019: Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (GSP 308)
ABSTRACT
Fine coal refuse (FCR) is the waste produced in mining process. FCR can be classified as low-plasticity to non-plastic sandy silt or silty sand. Although FCR consists of appreciable amount of fines content (30% to 60%), there is a high liquefaction potential for hydraulically deposited FCR in impoundments due to its loose and saturated structure as well as its low permeability. Therefore, dynamic properties, particularly liquefaction resistance, of FCR should be investigated. In this study, cyclic direct simple shear (DSS) tests were performed on reconstituted samples of FCR to determine its dynamic properties and liquefaction resistance. Slurry deposition method, which mimics the fabric and structure of hydraulically deposited soils, was used to prepare representative samples of FCR. In addition, the results of cyclic DSS tests were used to calibrate plasticity constitutive models developed to simulate liquefiable materials. PM4Sand and PM4Silt are plasticity models that are developed to obtain monotonic and cyclic undrained shear behavior of liquefiable materials, for sands and low plasticity silts or clays, respectively. It was of interest to find which model better represents the dynamic characteristics of FCR since the material is composed of both silt and sand and exhibited behavior that could be characterized as both liquefaction and cyclic-softening. Therefore, the PM4Sand and PM4Silt constitutive models were calibrated for FCR using the DSS experimental results in FLAC, a 2-dimensional finite-difference program. The simulation results were compared against the experimental results. This research revealed the applicability as well as limitations of the two constitutive liquefaction models in simulating the cyclic shear response of fine coal refuse.
Get full access to this chapter
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Andrews, D. C., and Martin, G. R. (2000). Criteria for liquefaction of silty soils. In Proc., 12th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Upper Hutt, New Zealand: NZ Soc. for EQ Engrg.
Beaty, M., and Byrne, P. M. (1998). An Effective Stress Model for Predicting Liquefaction Behaviour of Sand. In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics III,766-777.
Bjerrum, L., and Landva, A. (1966). Direct simple-shear tests on a Norwegian quick clay. Geotechnique, 16(1), 1-20.
Boulanger, R. W., and Ziotopoulou, K. (2013). Formulation of a sand plasticity plane-strain model for earthquake engineering applications. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53, 254-267.
Boulanger, R. W., and Ziotopoulou, K. (2018). A silt plasticity model for earthquake engineering applications. Rep. No. UCD/CGM-18/01, Center for Geotechnical Modeling, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, CA.
Carraro, J. A. H., and Prezzi, M. (2007). A new slurry-based method of preparation of specimens of sand containing fines. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 31(1), 1-11.
Carraro, J. A. H., Prezzi, M., and Salgado, R. (2009). Shear strength and stiffness of sands containing plastic or nonplastic fines. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 135(9), 1167-1178.
Cubrinovski, M., and Ishihara, K. (1999). Empirical correlation between SPT N-value and relative density for sandy soils. Soils and Foundations, 39(5), 61-71.
Dafalias, Y. F., and Manzari, M. T. (2004). Simple plasticity sand model accounting for fabric change effects. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 130(6), 622-634.
Idriss, I. M., and Boulanger, R. W. (2008). Soil liquefaction during earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Ishihara, K. (1985). Stability of natural deposits during earthquakes. Proc. of 11th ICSMFE, 1985, 1, 321-376.
Ishihara, K., and Yamazaki, F. (1980). Cyclic simple shear tests on saturated sand in multi-directional loading. Soils and Foundations, 20(1), 45-59.
Ishihara, K., Yasuda, S., and Yokota, K. (1981). Cyclic strength of undisturbed mine tailings.
Kammerer, A. M., Wu, J., Riemer, M., Pestana, J. M., and Seed, R. B. (2001). Use of cyclic simple shear testing in evaluation of the deformation potential of liquefiable soils.
Khosravi, A., Rahimi, M., Shahbazan, P., Pak, A., & Gheibi, A. (2016). Characterizing the variation of small strain shear modulus for silt and sand during hydraulic hysteresis. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 9, p. 14018). EDP Sciences.
Kuerbis, R., and Vaid, Y. P. (1988). Sand sample preparation-the slurry deposition method. Soils and Foundations, 28(4), 107-118.
Lingwall, B. N. Calibration of the PM4Sand Model for Sands with Substantial Amounts of Fines. In Geotechnical Frontiers 2017,321-331.
Mitchell, J. K., & Soga, K. (2005). Fundamentals of soil behavior (Vol. 3). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Price, A. B., DeJong, J. T., and Boulanger, R. W. (2017). Cyclic loading response of silt with multiple loading events. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 143(10), 04017080.
Salam, S., Xiao, M., Khosravifar, A., Liew, M., Liu, S., Rostami, J. (2019). Static and Dynamic Geotechnical Properties of Fine Coal Refuse. Canadian Geotechnical Journal.
Troncoso, J. H., and Verdugo, R. (1985). Silt content and dynamic behaviour of tailing sands. In Proc., XI Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1311-1314.
Vaid, Y. P., and Sivathayalan, S. (2000). Fundamental factors affecting liquefaction susceptibility of sands. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37(3), 592-606.
Wood, F. M., Yamamuro, J. A., and Lade, P. V. (2008). Effect of depositional method on the undrained response of silty sand. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(11), 1525-1537.
Zeng, X., Goble, J. A., and Fu, L. (2008). Dynamic Properties of Coal Waste Refuse in a Tailings Dam. In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics IV,1-14.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Geo-Congress 2019: Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (GSP 308)
Pages: 229 - 238
Editors: Christopher L. Meehan, Ph.D., University of Delaware, Sanjeev Kumar, Ph.D., Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Miguel A. Pando, Ph.D., University of North Carolina Charlotte, and Joseph T. Coe, Ph.D., Temple University
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8210-0
Copyright
© 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Mar 21, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.